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Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Road Geological Disasters in Fujian Province

• 1、School of Geographical Sciences, School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian, FUZHOU 350000
• 2、Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial,FUZHOU 350000

Abstract：Fujian Province is located in the hilly mountainous areas of southeastern China, where the combined effects of complex terrain and abundant rainfall lead to frequent occurrences of road geological disasters. Existing studies mainly focus on macroscopic spatial descriptions, with insufficient analysis of the response relationships between different disaster types and their environmental conditions. Based on nearly 20 years of historical road disaster records (4,225 events) from the First National Comprehensive Natural Disaster Risk Census, this study focuses on three major types of road geological disasters-rockfalls, landslides, and water damage. A spatial overlay analysis between slope units and road segments was conducted for approximately 260,000 road sections. The Certainty Factor (CF) model was applied to quantitatively evaluate seven influencing factors: relief amplitude, slope, lithology, distance to river, annual rainfall, road technical grade, and seismic fortification level.The results show that: (1) road geological disasters in Fujian Province are dominated by landslides (44.5%) and rockfalls (29.8%), mainly concentrated in mountainous cities such as Nanping and Sanming; (2) the dominant influencing factors vary significantly among the three disaster types-rockfalls are primarily controlled by relief amplitude and slope, landslides are jointly influenced by lithology and slope, and water damage is highly dependent on annual rainfall and proximity to rivers; (3) among the four road grades, secondary roads show the highest disaster frequency, which may be attributed to stronger engineering disturbance but relatively lower slope protection levels according to the census data on artificial high slopes and protective measures.The findings provide a scientific reference for road disaster risk assessment and for formulating targeted prevention and mitigation strategies in Fujian Province.

Keywords： Road geological disasters Certainty Factor (CF) model Slope unit Fujian Province