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Effects of intercropping on cotton yield and soil carbon cycling enzymes

• 1、Hebei Agriculuture university

Abstract：Cotton, as a globally significant cash crop, holds a prominent strategic position in China. However, there are some challenges such as climate change and monoculture cropping which led to increasing soil issues in cotton fields, severely restricting the sustainability of cotton production. Intercropping systems can optimize resource utilization and functional synergies, which not only enhance land use efficiency but also achieve dual goals of increased productivity and soil conservation, improving soil structure and functionality. As a result, they provide critical support for sustainable cotton field development. This study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at the Dongchang Experimental Base of the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Based on a long-term cotton field positioning experiment that began in 2017, a single factor random block design was designed, and seven planting patterns were involved (three intercropping: garlic/cotton, peanut||cotton, and wheat/cotton; four monoculture: cotton, garlic, peanut, and wheat). Under different intercropping patterns, the study systematically investigated cotton productivity, system productivity, nutrient accumulation, soil physicochemical properties, and biological properties. It conducted a comprehensive analysis of productivity and nutrient accumulation based on soil multifunctionality. The main results are as follows:Intercropping significantly increased cotton yield. And lint cotton yield showed increases over two years and lint percentage decreased with a smaller trend in intercropping systems. The number of bolls increased but boll weight decreased, which showing the adjustments in yield structure. Different planting systems and patterns significantly optimized soil organic matter and stabilized its level Meanwhile, intercropping performed better in enhancing the activity of enzymes involved in soil carbon cycling. In conclusion, intercropping significantly increased cotton yield; in addition, it outperformed in improving soil organic matter content and the activity of carbon cycling enzymes.

Keywords： Cotton intercropping Soil organic matter Soil carbon cycling enzyme